Genetics might save the rare, elusive Saola — if it's not already extinct

This deerlike creature from the mountainous rainforests of Vietnam and Laos hasn't been seen since it was caught on a trail cam in 2013. Experts are holding onto hope, but even optimistic estimates suggest fewer than 100 might be remaining in the wild, with some fearing the number could actually be close to zero. The Saola only became known to western science in 1992, discovered through hunting trophies. And soon after, a wild specimen was caught and bought into captivity. Now, a new genetic study, published in Cell, offers a glimmer of hope. Researchers have established the first complete Saola genome using DNA from 26 hunting trophies. This groundbreaking reference genome reveals new details about the Saola's ancestry, and could potentially pave the way for future de - extinction efforts. More importantly, it could drastically improve the search for these elusive animals using environmental DNA (eDNA), genetic material shed into waterways in their habitats. The study also shows there are two distinct Saola populations, and by mixing them in a potential captive breeding program, we could significantly boost their chances of avoiding extinction. However, the threat is immense. Traditional hunting with snares is devastating not just Saolas, but also tigers and leopards in the same region. "Other species will follow soon if immediate conservation measures are not implemented," warns Minh Le, a biologist involved in the study. While recent surveys in Vietnam have come up empty, there's more optimism for Laos, where the US based Saola Foundation is working tirelessly. They're dedicated to ensuring the Saola's survival through a breeding program, even if very few founder animals remain. One of the few Western scientists to ever see a living Saola, Bill Robichaud, worked with a female named "Martha" in Laos in 1996. He reflects, "Who knew back then she would be the only one?"

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This week we discuss scientists mapping the genome of the Saola, exploring the world's largest cave, and the best items for a summer cookout. Enjoy!